Overview of Lung cancer
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Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, typically in the cells lining the air passages. It is one of the most typical types of cancer & a leading cancer cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer can be broadly classified into two main types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), each with different characteristics and treatment approaches.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):
This is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of cases. NSCLC includes several subtypes, such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent subtype and often develops in the outer parts of the lungs. Squamous cell carcinoma usually starts in the lining of the airways in the middle of the lungs. Large cell carcinoma is a less common subtype and can develop in any part of the lung.
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC):
This type is less common, accounting for about 15% of lung cancer cases. SCLC is known for its rapid growth and tendency to spread quickly to other parts of the body, which can make it more challenging to treat. It is strongly associated with smoking. The most common risk factor for lung cancer is smoking tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. Exposure to secondhand smoke, environmental pollutants (like radon gas and asbestos), and a family history of lung cancer can also increase the risk. Symptoms of lung cancer can vary but may include persistent cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, weight loss, and fatigue. Early detection is important for improving treatment outcomes. Diagnostic methods include imaging tests like chest X-rays, CT scans, and PET scans, as well as tissue biopsies to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of lung cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. They may include:
